Sciences Po · Investigating with AI · 2026

Where the chain binds

We tracked where Europe’s dependency on China sits along the graphite battery chain, from the mine to the finished cell.

  • Graphite anode
  • Cathode, tabs and can

A prismatic cell, as used in many European EVs · drag to turn it

Q · Our research question

Where in the mine-to-cell chain does Europe’s dependency on Chinese battery technology bind, and how does Europe think about it?

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